How can pathogens evade the immune system?
Some pathogens avoid the immune system by hiding within the cells of the host, a process referred to as intracellular pathogenesis. The pathogen hides inside the host cell where it is protected from direct contact with the complement, antibodies, and immune cells.
What are 2 methods of immune evasion?
There are many different ways of evading or subverting the immune response. Antigenic variation, latency, resistance to immune effector mechanisms, and suppression of the immune response all contribute to persistent and medically important infections.
How many strategies does the immune system have to fight off pathogens?
pathogens. The Immune System If pathogens get through the body’s barriers: ATTACKED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Page 20 Immune system uses two major strategies: • Inflammatory response. Specific defenses.
What is pathogen immune response?
When a pathogen gets into the body, the immune system reacts in 2 ways. The innate immune response is a rapid reaction. Innate immune cells recognize certain molecules found on many pathogens. These cells also react to signaling molecules released by the body in response to infection.
How are pathogens transmitted?
Pathogens can be transmitted a few ways depending on the type. They can be spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles, contact with feces, and touching a surface touched by an infected person.
How are the pathogens destroyed?
The antibodies destroy the antigen (pathogen) which is then engulfed and digested by macrophages. White blood cells can also produce chemicals called antitoxins which destroy the toxins (poisons) some bacteria produce when they have invaded the body.
What do pathogens need from the host organism?
In order to survive and multiply in a host, a successful pathogen must be able to: (1) colonize the host; (2) find a nutritionally compatible niche in the host body; (3) avoid, subvert, or circumvent the host innate and adaptive immune responses; (4) replicate, using host resources; and (5) exit and spread to a new …
What is an evasion strategy?
Immune evasion strategies are those bacterial pathogens use to avoid or inactivate host defenses and ensure their own survival within a host. Bacteria are multifaceted in their methods used to escape immune detection.
What are some examples of microorganisms?
Examples of microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists. Viruses and prions, although microscopic, are not considered microorganisms by others because they are generally regarded as non-living.
What happens when pathogens enter the body?
Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease, which typically happens in a small proportion of infected people, occurs when the cells in your body are damaged as a result of infection, and signs and symptoms of an illness appear.