What are the 5 types of mass wasting?
10.3. The most common mass-wasting types are falls, rotational and translational slides, flows, and creep. Falls are abrupt rock movements that detach from steep slopes or cliffs. Rocks separate along existing natural breaks such as fractures or bedding planes. Movement occurs as free-falling, bouncing, and rolling.
What is mud flow mass movement?
A mudflow or mud flow is a form of mass wasting involving “very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow” of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to the source material.
What are the 6 mass movements?
Types of Mass Movement: Creep; Fall, Slip, Flow; Solifluction; Rock Glaciers; Slumping (Earthflow); Mudflow (lahar); Debris Flow, Debris Slide, Debris Avalanche; Rockslide; Rockfall; Debris Fall.
What causes Masswasting?
The causes of mass wasting include an increased slope steepness, increased water, decreased vegetation and earthquakes. One of the types of mass wasting that is an example of the slope failing is a slump. This is the sliding of coherent rock material along a curved surface.
What are fastest types of sediment flows?
Mudflows – these are a highly fluid, high velocity mixture of sediment and water that has a consistency ranging between soup-like and wet concrete. They move at velocities greater than 1 km/hr and tend to travel along valley floors.
What is the difference between slump and creep?
Slumps often happen when a slope is undercut, with no support for the overlying materials, or when too much weight is added to an unstable slope. Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement of slope-forming soil or rock.
What happens after a mudslide?
After a landslide or debris flow Stay away from the site. Flooding or additional slides may occur after a landslide or mudflow. Check for injured or trapped people near the affected area, if it is possible to do so without entering the path of the landslide or mudflow.
What is the difference between mudflow and mudslide?
According to FEMA, a mudflow occurs when liquid and flowing mud moves over the surface of normally dry land. In contrast, mudslides happen when a mass of earth or rock travels downhill. In contrast, a mudflow, which is liquid, may seep into the home, destroying property but not causing as much structural damage.
What are the 3 types of mass movement?
There are four different types of mass movement:
- Rockfall. Bits of rock fall off the cliff face, usually due to freeze-thaw weathering.
- Mudflow. Saturated soil (soil filled with water) flows down a slope.
- Landslide. Large blocks of rock slide downhill.
- Rotational slip. Saturated soil slumps down a curved surface.
What is the difference between a slump and a slide?
Slumps. A slump is a type of mass wasting that results in the sliding of coherent rock materials along a curved surface. A slump is sometimes referred to as a rotational slide because a portion or block of the slope ‘slides’ down as it ‘rotates’ around an axis parallel to the slope.
What are three possible causes of Oversteepened slopes?
erosion by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create oversteepened slopes.
Why do rockslides happen?
A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through compacted rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks. The rocks tumble downhill, loosening other rocks on their way and smashing everything in their path.
What is mass wasting in geology?
Mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity. Rock falls, slumps, and debris flows are all examples of mass wasting. Often lubricated by rainfall or agitated by seismic activity, these events may occur very rapidly and move as a flow. Landslide triggers may include:
What is the average size of a boulder in a mudflow?
Mudflows have mobilized boulders 1–10 m across in mountain settings. Some broad mudflows are rather viscous and therefore slow; others begin very quickly and continue like an avalanche.
What is the difference between debris flows and mudflows?
Mudflows contain a significant proportion of clay, which makes them more fluid than debris flows; thus, they are able to travel farther and across lower slope angles. Both types are generally mixtures of various kinds of materials of different sizes, which are typically sorted by size upon deposition.
What increases the potential to initiate a mudflow?
Higher water content (higher precipitation/overland flow) also increases the potential to initiate a mudflow. After a mudflow forms, coarser sediment may be picked up by the flow.