Is IRF9 an ISG?
As described above, IRF9 complexes with STATs and redirects them to ISRE-containing ISGs. By contrast, IRF1 regulates ISG transcription through homo- or heterodimerization and binding to IRE or ISRE sequences.
What do IFN-stimulated genes do?
Interferon (IFN) signaling induces the expression of a wide array of genes, collectively referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that generally function to inhibit viral replication.
What is the use of alpha interferon?
Alpha interferon is a cytokine produced by the innate immune system in response to environmental exposures including viral infections. Alpha interferon in various formulations has been developed as therapy of several forms of cancer and viral infections, but its major use has been as therapy of chronic hepatitis C.
What is interferon immunity?
Interferons are proteins that are part of your natural defenses. They tell your immune system that germs or cancer cells are in your body. And they trigger killer immune cells to fight those invaders. Interferons got their name because they “interfere” with viruses and keep them from multiplying.
How do you stimulate gene expression?
Activators enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a particular promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Activators do this by increasing the attraction of RNA polymerase for the promoter, through interactions with subunits of the RNA polymerase or indirectly by changing the structure of the DNA.
What controls STAT1 expression?
In normal human cells treated with interferons (IFNs), the concentration of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (YP-STAT1), which drives the expression of a large number of genes, increases quickly but then decreases over a period of several hours.
How does interferon affect the liver?
Interferon treatment did not influence the rate of liver complications. However, the rate of complications increased exponentially with transition of the treatment response from sustained viral response (SVR), through response-relapse to nonresponse (or no treatment).
Does interferon damage the liver?
Interferon beta is a well known cause of mild hepatic injury that occasionally can lead to severe liver injury with jaundice.