What does the word superiority effect assert?
word-superiority effect (WSE) the finding that, when presented briefly, individual letters are more easily identified in the context of a word than when presented alone.
What does the word superiority effect tell us about perception?
In cognitive psychology, the word superiority effect (WSE) refers to the phenomenon that people have better recognition of letters presented within words as compared to isolated letters and to letters presented within nonword (orthographically illegal, unpronounceable letter array) strings.
Is the word superiority effect top down processing?
Following the IAM (McClelland and Rumelhart, 1981), most will agree that the word advantage is due to top–down effects on word recognition, that are absent or smaller for single letters. It is also not known how word and letter processing may differ at the level of visual short term memory (VSTM).
What is Pseudoword superiority effect?
The word superiority effect (WSE) denotes better recognition of a letter embedded in a word rather than in a pseudoword. Along with WSE, also a pseudoword superiority effect (PSE) has been described: It is easier to recognise a letter in a legal pseudoword than in an unpronounceable nonword.
What does the word superiority effect mean quizlet?
word superiority effect. The finding that accuracy in letter recognition is higher when the letter is in a word (than when it is in a nonword)
Who proposed the picture superiority effect?
Allan Paivio (1971) explains this principle with the theory of “dual coding”: that we retain images better than words because they are coded twice in our memory. Paivio explains that our memories take in information using two different codes: “verbal” codes and “image” codes.
Why would one argue that the typical word superiority effect findings are counter intuitive?
One can argue that the typical word superiority effect findings are counter intuitive because, the outcome of experiment does not seem right or correct, like the outcome should be opposite of what it really is.
What is top down processing?
What Is Top-Down Processing? In top-down processing, perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific. These perceptions are heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge. 1 Put simply, your brain applies what it knows to fill in the blanks and anticipate what’s next.
What does it mean by using picture superiority effect in a presentation?
The picture superiority effect refers to the phenomenon in which pictures and images are more likely to be remembered than are words. This effect has been demonstrated in numerous experiments using different methods.
Do people remember images better than words?
A striking characteristic of human memory is that pictures are remembered better than words. It was shown several decades ago that people can remember more than 2,000 pictures with at least 90% accuracy in recognition tests over a period of several days, even with short presentation times during learning (1).
What is the difference between top down and bottom up perceptual processes?
Bottom-up processing begins with the retrieval of sensory information from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory information. Top-down processing is the interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations.
What are word superiority effects?
This study analysed the nature of word superiority effects (WSE) which was first developed by James Cattell in 1886. WSE is the ability to recognise letters more successfully if the individual letters are presented as part of word rather than as part of a non-word or an isolated letter.
How does the adverse word superiority effect affect the word detector?
If readers paid more attention to the letter in a particular position, they would experience the adverse word superiority effect. This is because the reader would no longer have the benefit of having the word detector level activated with as much weight if they neglected to focus on the full word. ^ a b cFalikman, M. V. (2011).
Is there an effect of word choice on accuracy?
Results indicated that an effect was apparent when comparing words to non-words but no apparent significance was found when comparing words and single letters. Overall results indicated that mean accuracy rates per condition were too similar to support the theory tested.