What is basic oxygen steel making process?
basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
How is steel made in basic oxygen furnace?
Basic oxygen steelmaking is a primary steelmaking process for converting molten pig iron into steel by blowing oxygen through a lance over the molten pig iron inside the converter. Exothermic heat is generated by the oxidation reactions during blowing.
How does the steel industry produce oxygen?
Iron and steel are normally produced with the aid of oxygen in the form of air or an oxide of iron. In the basic Bessemer converter air is used to oxidize these impurities, and by virtue of the exothermic nature of the oxidation reaction the temperature of the metal in the converter is maintained and increased.
What are the process of making steel?
Today there are two major commercial processes for making steel, namely basic oxygen steelmaking, which has liquid pig-iron from the blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials, and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, which uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main feed materials.
What is EAF steel?
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Electric arc furnaces produce molten steel using electrical currents to melt scrap and recycled steel instead of raw iron. On average, electric arc furnaces produce 85 percent less CO2 per ton of steel, which holds potential for cleaner steel manufacturing.
What is EAF and BOF?
There are two ways to make steel—in a Blast Furnace (BOF) or in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). In the U.S., approximately 75% of steel is made using the EAF method, and 25% is made by integrated mills using a basic oxygen furnace (BOF). They melt iron ore in a Blast Furnace to produce liquid iron.
What is steel and how is steel made?
At the most basic, steel is made by mixing carbon and iron at very high temperatures (above 2600°F). Primary steelmaking creates steel from a product called “pig iron.” Pig iron is smelted iron, from ore, which contains more carbon than is correct for steel.
How is oxygen prepared in industry?
The most common commercial method for producing oxygen is the separation of air using either a cryogenic distillation process or a vacuum swing adsorption process. Nitrogen and argon are also produced by separating them from air.
Is oxygen required for steel production?
More than half the world’s steel is produced in the basic oxygen process (BOP), which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blast-furnace iron and scrap into steel.
What is the basic process of oxygen?
Basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese .
What is the process of steel making?
Today there are two major commercial processes for making steel, namely basic oxygen steelmaking, which has liquid pig-iron from the blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials, and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking , which uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main feed materials.
What is steel making?
Steel making is the method of processing and producing steel from iron ore and scrap. It focuses on removing the slugs and other unwanted materials like phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, nitrogen, and excess carbon from the raw iron. The next step targets on alloying it by adding various elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and vanadium.