What is the pathophysiology of paraplegia?
Paraplegia often involves loss of sensation (of pain, temperature, vibration, and position) as well as loss of motion. It may also include paralysis of the bladder and bowel. Paraplegia may be caused by injury to or disease of the lower spinal cord or peripheral nerves or by such brain disorders as cerebral palsy.
What is the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury?
The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury can be categorized as acute impact or compression. Acute impact injury is a concussion of the spinal cord. This type of injury initiates a cascade of events focused in the gray matter, and results in hemorrhagic necrosis.
What nerve causes quadriplegia?
The condition is typically caused by an injury to the spinal cord that contains the nerves that transmit messages of movement and sensation from the brain to parts of the body. Quadriplegia is most likely to occur from a spinal cord injury to the neck at C5 (cervical 5) to C7 (cervical 7).
How does quadriplegia develop?
Spastic quadriplegia is generally caused by brain damage either before birth, during, or shortly after. Many factors can play into an infant developing brain damage, including prematurity, fetal infections or stroke, maternal infections or medical conditions, exposure to toxins, or medical negligence.
What is the pathophysiology of hemiplegia?
Hemiplegia is a condition caused by brain damage or spinal cord injury that leads to paralysis on one side of the body. It causes weakness, problems with muscle control, and muscle stiffness.
What is the pathophysiology of neurogenic shock?
Neurogenic shock is a combination of both primary and secondary injuries that lead to loss of sympathetic tone and thus unopposed parasympathetic response driven by the vagus nerve. Consequently, patients suffer from instability in blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature regulation.
What happens in quadriplegia?
Quadriplegia, which some people refer to as tetraplegia, is paralysis that results in the loss of movement and sensation in all four limbs. It can also affect the internal organs in the trunk.
What is the treatment of quadriplegia?
Non-surgical treatment options for quadriplegia include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech/language therapy, medication to relax muscle spasms, and the use of medical devices (ex: wheelchair, walker, positioning devices, braces, etc).
What are the symptoms of quadriplegia?
What are the symptoms?
- limp muscles that lack firmness (flaccid quadriparesis)
- unusual stiffness or tightness of the muscles (spastic quadriplegia)
- lack of motor control.
- inability to walk.
- loss of bladder control.
- depressed reflexes.