What is pleural cupula?
Description. The portion of the parietal pleura which rises into the neck, over the summit of the lung, is the cupula of the pleura (cervical pleura).
What is pleural recess?
The pleural recesses are potential spaces within the thoracic cavity where, particularly in expiration, the visceral and parietal pleura are relatively distant. Such is the negative pressure of the serous fluid lining the cavity with the lung relatively contracted, that parietal pleura may be drawn inwards.
What is pleural reflection?
The lines along which the parietal pleura changes direction as it passes from one wall of the pleural cavity to another are called the lines of pleural reflection. The lines of pleural reflection are formed by the parietal pleura as it changes direction (reflects) from one wall of the pleural cavity to another.
What are the pleural membranes?
The pleurae are serous membranes which fold back onto themselves to form a two-layered membranous structure. There are two layers; the outer pleura (parietal pleura) is attached to the chest wall and the inner pleura (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and adjoining structures, via blood vessels, bronchi and nerves.
Can Hemothorax cause death?
At present, the general outcome for patients with traumatic hemothorax is good. Mortality associated with cases of traumatic hemothorax is directly related to the nature and severity of the injury.
What organs are in the pleural cavity?
The chest (thoracic or pleural) cavity is a space that is enclosed by the spine, ribs, and sternum (breast bone) and is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The chest cavity contains the heart, the thoracic aorta, lungs and esophagus (swallowing passage) among other important organs.
What is the functional significance of the pleural recesses?
As previously mentioned, the pleural recesses provide additional space for the lungs to expand during forced inspiration. However, they can also be a potential site for fluid accumulation, and from here this fluid can sometimes be aspirated. Pleural effusion is an excessive build-up of fluid in the pleural cavity.
What is the purpose of the Costodiaphragmatic and Costomediastinal recess?
These allow for expansion during forced respiration. The costomediastinal recess is located anteriorly where the costal and mediastinal pleura meet. The costodiaphragmatic recess is the most clinically important, as most fluid collections pool here. The pleural cavity always maintains a negative pressure.
How many pleural reflections are there?
There are 3 lines of pleural reflection on each side of the pulmonary cavities: sternal, costal and vertebral.
What produces pleural fluid?
Pleural fluid is continuously produced by the parietal circulation in the way of bulk flow, while it is also continuously reabsorbed by the lymphatic system via the stomata in the parietal pleura.
What is the main function of the pleural membrane?
The function of the pleura is to allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing. The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the parietal and visceral pleura to glide over each other friction free. This fluid is produced by the pleural layers themselves.
What causes pleural effusion?
The most common causes of pleural effusion are congestive heart failure, cancer, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism. Pleural fluid puncture (pleural tap) enables the differentiation of a transudate from an exudate, which remains, at present, the foundation of the further diagnostic work-up.
What is pleural space disease in dogs and cats?
In normal dogs and cats, there is nothing between the lungs and the body wall. However, a variety of diseases cause fluid and/or air to build up in this location called the pleural space. Patients with pleural space disease often experience marked respiratory distress and are at risk for sudden death.
What is the cupula of the pleura?
The portion of the parietal pleura which rises into the neck, over the summit of the lung, is the cupula of the pleura ( cervical pleura ).
What is pleural effusion in dogs?
Several diseases can cause fluid to accumulate in the pleural cavity – this is called pleural effusion. Veterinarians categorize the fluid based on protein concentration and cellular components.
What is the ventral mediastinal pleura in dogs?
In older dogs, the ventral mediastinal pleura can billow from the thoracic inlet to the level of the diaphragm. Over the heart, mediastinal pleural sheets separate and enclose the fibrous pericardium. It is not clear whether mediastinal pleura completely separates the thoracic space into right and left pleural cavities in dogs and cats.