What is glucose-galactose malabsorption?
Glucose-galactose malabsorption is a condition in which the body cannot take in (absorb) the sugars glucose and galactose, which primarily results in severe diarrhea. Beginning in infancy, severe diarrhea results in weight loss and dehydration that can be life-threatening.
What does glucose-galactose make?
lactose molecule
A galactose molecule linked with a glucose molecule forms a lactose molecule.
What is the difference between galactose and glucose?
The key difference between glucose and galactose is the position of the –OH at the 4th carbon atom; the –OH group of the 4th carbon of glucose is directed towards the right side while the –OH group of the 4th carbon of galactose is directed towards the left side. Moreover, glucose is more stable than galactose.
What are glucose fructose and galactose?
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharide isomers, which means they all have the same chemical formula but differ structurally and chemically. A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds; the chain may be branched or unbranched and can contain many types of monosaccharides.
Why does glucose galactose malabsorption cause diarrhea?
There is nowhere for the glucose and galactose to go except into the stool. These sugars draw large amounts of water out of the body and into the stool, leading to watery (osmotic) diarrhea.
What does galactose do to the body?
Galactose is a simple sugar that is normally transformed in the liver before being used up as energy. This sugar is quite abundant in human diets and helps in a number of functions. Because galactose is a precursor to glucose production, it is an important energy-providing nutrient.
How are glucose fructose and galactose different?
Glucose and galactose are stereoisomers (have atoms bonded together in the same order, but differently arranged in space). They differ in their stereochemistry at carbon 4. Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose and galactose (has the same atoms, but bonded together in a different order).
Why do glucose galactose and fructose have different properties?
Although glucose, galactose, and fructose all have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6), they differ structurally and chemically (and are known as isomers) because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; all of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (Figure3.2.
What chemical test will differentiate glucose from galactose?
Lactose also gives this test positive as it is hydrolyzed by acid to yield glucose and galactose. To differentiate between the two, perform Barfoed’s test.
What 3 elements are present in glucose fructose and galactose?
The 3 elements present in glucose are carbon, C, hydrogen, H and oxygen, O. Glucose, fructose, and galactose each has 6 carbon atoms.
What happens to galactose in the body?
In normal conditions, galactose is quickly and almost completely metabolized to glucose in the liver. Galactose serves as a substrate for cerebrosides, gangliosides and mucoproteins in the brain and nervous system, which supports its neural and immunological role [2,3,6,7].
Glucose-galactose malabsorption (GGM) is a genetic condition in which the sugars glucose and galactose cannot be properly absorbed by the body.
What do glucose and galactose have in common?
Glucose and galactose have very similar chemical structures. The same protein carries both sugars into the intestines. The intestines absorb the simple sugars which are used throughout the body.
Why are glucose and galactose not absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
As a result, glucose and galactose are not absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells but instead accumulate in the intestinal tract. In addition, water that normally would have been transported with the sugars remains in the intestinal tract, resulting in dehydration of the body’s tissues and severe diarrhea.
What happens when the glucose gene is not working properly?
When the gene is not working, the sugars are not transported and absorbed properly. There is nowhere for the glucose and galactose to go except into the stool. These sugars draw large amounts of water out of the body and into the stool, leading to watery (osmotic) diarrhea.