What does Brucella abortus cause?
Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus cause brucellosis or undulant fever, Mediterranean fever, or goat-milk fever. Brucellosis is contracted by ingestion of contaminated, unpasteurized milk or milk products or through contact with infected animals by means of skin abrasions.
How does the immune system respond to brucellosis?
The natural invasion of the host by Brucella induces a specific immune response mediated by Th1 lymphocytes that protects against the development of the disease, similar to the one observed in infections caused by other intracellular pathogens as Salmonella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What does Brucella melitensis cause?
Is Brucella abortus Gram positive or negative?
Brucellae are Gram-negative coccobacilli (short rods) measuring about 0.6 to 1.5 μm by 0.5-0.7 μm. They are non-sporing and lack capsules or flagella and, therefore, are non-motile.
How is Brucella abortus transmitted?
Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis mainly transmitted from cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and camels through direct contact with blood, placenta, fetuses or uterine secretions, or through consumption of contaminated raw animal products (especially unpasteurized milk and soft cheese).
What bacteria causes Brucella?
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella. The bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion through infected food products, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
Which Brucella is zoonotic?
Is Brucella abortus aerobic?
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative alpha-proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae and is one of the causative agents of brucellosis. The rod-shaped pathogen is classified under the domain Bacteria. The prokaryotic B. abortus is non-spore-forming, non-motile and aerobic.
What are the risk factors of brucellosis?
Common risk factors in the development of Brucellosis include:
- Living or travelling to brucellosis endemic countries.
- Occupational exposure.
- Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products or raw meat products.
- Hunting.
What causes tularemia?
Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. The disease mainly affects rabbits, hares, and rodents, such as muskrats and squirrels. Tularemia can also infect birds, sheep and domestic animals, such as dogs, cats and hamsters.
Is rabies a zoonotic?
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease that causes progressive and fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
What are the virulence factors of Brucella?
Brucella does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms.
What are the major virulence factors of bacteria?
Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV (BrucellaContaining Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when the bacteria multiply.
What is the most dangerous Brucella infection?
Brucellae are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Br …
Is Brucella melitensis dangerous to humans?
Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella canisthat trigger unspecific symptoms (flu-like manifestation). Brucellarods are introduced via host cells, by inhalation, skin abrasions, ingestion or mucosal membranes.