Is gymnodinium photosynthetic protists?
G. catenatum is a photosynthetic dinoflagellate that is most notable as the only naked dinoflagellate known to be responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), a neurotoxic poisoning syndrome which affects human consumers of contaminated shellfish.
What group does Gymnodinium belong to?
Gymnodinium, genus of marine or freshwater dinoflagellate algae (family Gymnodiniaceae). Like all dinoflagellates, members of the genus feature two flagella and have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics.
What is gymnodinium known for?
34.2. nagasakiense, Gymnodinium mikimotoi) is widely known as a both finfish and shellfish-killing species (Tangen, 1977; Mahoney et al., 1990; Gentien, 1998; Landsberg, 2002; Matsuyama et al., 1999; Shumway, 1990; Smolowitz and Shumway, 1997; Landsberg, 2002; Matsuyama and Shumway, 2009).
Is gymnodinium a phytoplankton?
Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton. It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as ellulosic plates….
| Gymnodinium | |
|---|---|
| Class: | Dinophyceae |
| Order: | Gymnodiniales |
| Family: | Gymnodiniaceae |
| Genus: | Gymnodinium Stein, 1878 |
Does gymnodinium cause red tides?
Gymnodinium and gonyaulax is also a form of dinoflagellates which are able to form blooms most commonly called red tides and produce toxin which affect human health , fishes and other marine organisms.
Is gymnodinium harmful to humans?
1 Toxic Species. Unarmored dinoflagellates of the Karenia (previously Gymnodinium) genus are able to form blooms, most commonly red tides, and produce toxins affecting human health, fishes, and less frequently, other marine lives.
Why are dinoflagellates toxic?
This dinoflagellate species produces two types of lipid soluble toxins: hemolytic and neurotoxic [35], causing massive fish kills, bird deaths, and marine mammal mortalities [36, 37]. The neurotoxic toxins are known as brevetoxins, which are a suite of ladder-like polycyclic ether toxins.
Is Ceratium a phytoplankton?
Ceratium, genus of single-celled aquatic dinoflagellate algae (family Ceratiaceae) common in fresh water and salt water from the Arctic to the tropics. Members of the genus form an important part of the plankton found in temperate-zone seas, and several are known to cause red tides and water blooms.
Where is gymnodinium found?
Habitat and Locality: Gymnodinium breve populations are found in warm temperate to tropical waters, most regularly from the Gulf of Mexico, off the west coast of Florida.
What eats Karenia brevis?
brevis. Fish species through the food chain are impacted, up to and including large predatory species such as sharks, as well as species typical in human consumption.
What is red tide in dinoflagellates?
A red tide occurs when the population of certain kinds of algae known as dinoflagellates explodes, creating what’s called an “algal bloom.” Scientists sometimes refer to red tides as harmful algal blooms or HABs. The algae linked to red tides contain a toxin that affects the nervous and digestive systems of animals.
What causes red tide?
A “red tide” is a common term used for a harmful algal bloom. This bloom, like many HABs, is caused by microscopic algae that produce toxins that kill fish and make shellfish dangerous to eat. The toxins may also make the surrounding air difficult to breathe.