What cell type does Mycobacterium tuberculosis live in?
Once in the lower respiratory tract, Mtb is primarily phagocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells. In addition to macrophages and dendritic cells, studies analysing the sputum of TB patients identified neutrophils as the predominant phagocytic cell infected with Mtb (Eum et al. 2010).
What cells do Mycobacterium tuberculosis affect?
Macrophages. Since M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen and infects macrophages primarily, these phagocytic cells are also used to analyze the virulence of M. tuberculosis strains and mutants.
Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a cell wall?
Mycobacterium species, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are unique among Gram-positive bacteria in producing a complex cell wall that contains unusual lipids and functions as a permeability barrier.
What is unique about the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a unique cell envelope structure and composition, containing a peptidoglycan layer that is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and for virulence.
Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis have endospores?
marinum and M. bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin, a species of the M. tuberculosis complex, produce a type of spore known as an endospore. The Mycobacterium genus is a member of the high G+C group of Gram-positive bacteria (Actinobacteria) for which there are no prior claims of endospore formation.
What type of pathogen is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
How does tuberculosis affect cells and body systems?
When a person gets active TB disease, it means TB bacteria are multiplying and attacking the lung(s) or other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bones, kidney, brain, spine and even the skin. From the lungs, TB bacteria move through the blood or lymphatic system to different parts of the body.
What are the 3 major components of the Mycobacterium cell wall structure explain the properties of each structure?
The inner membrane phospholipid bilayer contains glycolipids that extend into the periplasmic space. The essential core cell wall structure is composed of three main components: a cross-linked polymer of peptidoglycan, a highly branched arabinogalactan polysaccharide, and long-chain mycolic acids.
Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce exotoxin?
M. tuberculosis, which kills more than 1 million people a year, uses the ESX-4 type VII secretion system to transports its potent exotoxin. Bacteria use molecular machines to move proteins, including toxins, across cell membranes.
Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis a pathogen?
tuberculosis can be regarded as a conditional pathogenic bacterium in a sense because it only causes TB in immunocompromised hosts. Over 90% of M. tuberculosis-infected individuals can spontaneously control the infection (Cambier et al., 2014). During the latency phase, M.
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) It is a killer disease and ranks as one of the most serious infection diseases of the developing countries. TB is primarily a disease of the lungs but may spread to other sites of the body. They are acid fast bacilli, slightly curved rods, it may occur singly or in small clumps.
How does tuberculosis infects the body?
How TB infects the body: The Tubercle When TB bacilli are inhaled, they rapidly pass through the mouth and nose and pass into the lowest and smallest parts of the airways. They move into the terminal bronchioli and alveoli of the lung.
How are infectious droplet nuclei generated in tuberculosis (TB)?
Infectious droplet nuclei are generated when persons who have pulmonary or laryngeal TB disease cough, sneeze, shout, or sing. Chapter 2: Transmission and Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis 22 Figure 2.2 Transmission of TB TB is spread from person to person through the air. The dots in the air represent droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli.
What are the members of the tuberculosis complex?
In addition to M. tuberculosis, the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has a number of members infecting various animal species, these include M. africanum, M. bovis (Dassie’s bacillus), M. caprae, M. microti, M. mungi, M. orygis, and M. pinnipedii. This group may also include the M. canettii clade.