Do ferns have male and female gametophytes?
Gametophyte (prothallus) Gametophytes contain both female (archegonium) and male (antheridium) sex organs. The prothallus is the fern gametophyte. It is a green, photosynthetic structure that is one cell thick, usually heart or kidney shaped, 3–10 mm long and 2–8 mm broad.
What is male gametophyte and female gametophyte?
Male gametophyte is the haploid stage that produces male gametes. It derives from the microspore. Female gametophyte is the haploid stage that produces female gametes. It derives from the megaspore. Male gametophyte is inside the pollen grain while female gametocyte is inside the ovule.
How does male gametophyte develop?
How does a male gametophyte develop? The pollen grains are released from the pollen-sacs at the two-celled stage. The generative cell further divides to form two male gametes. These male gametes are released into the embryo sac to undergo fusion with the egg and the central cell.
How does the female gametophyte develop?
Post-fertilization, the female gametophyte influences seed development through maternal-effect genes and by regulating parental contributions. Female gametophytes can form by an asexual process called gametophytic apomixis, which involves formation of a diploid female gametophyte and fertilization-independent …
What is the role of gametophyte in ferns?
A gametophyte is the plant that produces gametes. The fern gametophyte is a small (approximately 5 mm), bisexual, heart-shaped plant called a prothallus. The prothallus is haploid, since it grew from a spore which had been formed by meiosis. As the zygote grows into an embryo it remains attached to the prothallus.
How Homosporous ferns can produce male and female gametophytes?
The spores produce two types of gametophytes: each microspore develops into a microgametophyte (male gametophyte), which ultimately produces male gametes (sperm), and each megaspore produces a megagametophyte (female gametophyte), which ultimately produces female gametes (eggs).
How do male and female gametophytes develop from angiosperm?
The male gametophyte develops inside the pollen grain. The female gametophyte develops inside the ovule. Angiosperm male gametophytes have two haploid nuclei (the germ nucleus and tube nucleus) contained within the exine of the pollen grain (or microspore).
What is Megasporogenesis explain the development of female gametophyte?
The ovary contains ovules or megasporangium. Megasporogenesis is the process of formation of megaspores from the megaspore mother cell (MMC). Different stages of development of female gametophyte are: 1) In the nucleus of a developing ovule, one diploid cell develops into a diploid megaspore mother cell.
Which type of development is observed male gametophyte of plants?
Explanation: Male gametophyte development is endosporic, meaning it takes place within the microspore.
What are male and female gametophytes and where are they formed?
The male and female gametophyte structures are present on separate male and female cones in gymnosperms, whereas in angiosperms, they are a part of the flower. Lastly, wind plays an important role in pollination in gymnosperms because pollen is blown by the wind to land on the female cones.
How do the male and female gametes come in contact with each other in ferns?
The sperm needs to swim through water in order to get to the eggs. And that dependence on water is why ferns are so often linked to wet habitats. If the sperm do manage to get to an egg, fertilisation occurs, and that is where the two, the sperm and egg come together.
What is the relationship of the fern gametophyte and sporophyte?
In higher plants like ferns and fern allies, the sporophyte stage is dominant. Gametophytes produce gametes (sperm and eggs) in a special structure called a gametangium (-ia), while sporophytes produce spores in a special structure called a sporangium (-ia). Second, all plants need to get water to their cells.
What are the sex organs of fern gametophytes?
Gametophytes contain both female (archegonium) and male (antheridium) sex organs. They mature at different times in order to increase the chances of cross-fertilisation and genetic variation. The prothallus is the fern gametophyte.
How does the sporophyte develop into a fern?
This fertilized egg develops into an embryo, which is the beginning of the diploid sporophyte generation. The first tiny leaf of the sporophyte emerges from the bottom of the gametophyte (which disintegrates) and grows upward and soon becomes a plant we see as a fern or horsetail.
What is the process of female gametophyte development?
Development of Female Gametophyte The whole process of female gametophyte development occurs in two different phases. The first phase involves the megasporogenesis, where a single diploid mother cell undergoes meiosis to form haploid megaspore tetrad out of which only one will survive and other three disintegrate.
What is the zygote of a fern plant?
The zygote develops from the prothallus (fern gametophyte). It grows using mitosis and develops into a young fern plant.