What is cross current extraction?
Cross-current extraction is a good laboratory process because each stage is made up of an equilibrium stage where the 2 liquid phases are mixed together for a period of time until equilibrium is attained. Each phase is then allowed to coalesce and separated by decanting. Fresh solvent is added to each stage.
What are the two types of solvent extraction?
There are two types of MAE methods: solvent-free extraction (usually for volatile compounds) and solvent extraction (usually for non-volatile compounds) [36, 37].
What is countercurrent solvent extraction?
Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distributed (partitioned) between two immiscible liquid phases (oil and water for example) according to its relative solubility in the two phases.
What is meant by the term solvent extraction?
Solvent extraction is the process in which a compound transfers from one solvent to another owing to the difference in solubility or distribution coefficient between these two immiscible (or slightly soluble) solvents.
What is the difference between cross current and countercurrent?
solid fluid operation generally performed in cross current pattern. co-current flow is the flow in which both the fluid streams enter the equipment in the same direction whereas for in the counter-current flow the streams enter at opposite ends of the equipments.
What is raffinate and extract?
Liquid extraction is the separation of the constituents of a liquid by contact with another insoluble liquid called solvent. The solvent rich phase is called extract and the residual liquid from which the solute has been removed is called raffinate.
Which law is used in solvent extraction?
THE thermodynamic law for the partition of a solute between two immiscible or partially miscible solvents is: a = K a′ where a and a′ are the activities in the two phases, and K is a constant.
What do you mean by counter current mechanism?
A countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient. Countercurrent multiplication is frequently mistaken for countercurrent exchange, a similar but different mechanism where gradients are maintained, but not established.
What is extraction process?
Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed (Phase 1), by means of a liquid immiscible solvent (Phase 2). Afterwards in order to regenerate the solvent, another separation step (e.g. distillation) is finally required.
What is solvent extraction kids?
Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don’t mix, for example water and an organic solvent.
What is cross current respiration?
Another way that gas exchange can happen is through cross-current exchange in which the air carrying the oxygen is moving through the respiratory structures (parabronchi), which are positined perpendicular to the movement of blood around the parabronchi. Comparison of gas exchange in gills, parabronchi, and alveoli.