What are the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycobacteria, such as M tuberculosis, are aerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, facultative, curved intracellular rods measuring 0.2-0.5 μm by 2-4 μm.
How do you identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. tuberculosis infection. Additional tests are required to confirm TB disease. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm.
What is the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Infection occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli that reach the alveoli of the lungs. These tubercle bacilli are ingested by alveolar macrophages; the majority of these bacilli are destroyed or inhibited.
How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis metabolize?
tuberculosis assimilates and metabolizes nitrogen during infection in macrophages. When cultured in vitro, M. tuberculosis demonstrates a preference for amino acids as a source of nitrogen over ammonia chloride, and M. tuberculosis also has the ability to co-metabolize multiple amino acids simultaneously [138].
What signs symptoms does a person develop when they first inhale Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What Are the Symptoms of TB? The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood.
Do mycobacteria have peptidoglycan?
The cell wall envelope of mycobacteria is structurally distinct from that of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Peptidoglycan is the major constituent of this cell wall, with an important structural role, giving structural strength, and counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm.
Which of these methods are used to identify prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Traditionally, the tuberculin skin test (TST) has served as the standard of care for the identification of prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
Which of the following method is used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are now widely used for early detection and species differentiation of mycobacteria, but mostly with their own limitations.
What is the portal of entry for tuberculosis?
tuberculosis utilizes the M cell as a portal of entry into the body, thus providing a significant conduit for transit of the pathogen to the draining lymph nodes.
Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein-deconjugating enzyme is an unusual aspartate amidase.
Where does Mycobacterium tuberculosis get energy?
M. tuberculosis residing in human macrophages mainly uses host-derived cholesterol and fatty acids as an energy supply instead of fermentable energy sources (48).
How do the long chain fatty acids help M tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis imports and utilizes fatty acids and cholesterol to convert both these lipids into bacterial end products that mediate bacterial pathogenesis. These bacterial lipid end products regulate bacterial replication, drug tolerance and virulence.