What causes testicular dysgenesis syndrome?
Environmental. Exposure of a male fetus to substances that disrupt hormone systems, particularly chemicals that inhibit the action of androgens (male sex hormones) during the development of the reproductive system, has been shown to cause many of the characteristic TDS disorders.
What are some effects of testicular dysgenesis syndrome that have been observed in human populations?
Growing evidence from clinical observations of individual patients and from larger epidemiological studies indicates a synchronized increase in the incidence of male reproductive problems, such as testicular cancer, genital abnormalities, reduced semen quality and subfertility.
What are Dysgenetic testes?
Dysgenetic testis is the characteristic gonad of genetically and phenotypically male patients with a defect in the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) system.
What is testicular retraction?
Testicular retraction is a condition in which a testicle descends normally into the scrotum, but can be pulled up with an involuntary muscle contraction into the groin. This condition is different from undescended testicles, which occurs when one or both of the testicles have not lowered into the scrotum permanently.
Is testicular dysgenesis syndrome a genetic endocrine or environmental disease or an unexplained reproductive disorder?
Although TDS might result from genetic polymorphisms or aberration, recent evidence has highlighted links indicating the conditions associations to both environmental and lifestyle factors due to the rapid temporal changes in the clinical symptoms observed over recent decades.
What are three 3 risk factors for testicular cancer?
Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer
- An undescended testicle.
- Family history of testicular cancer.
- HIV infection.
- Carcinoma in situ of the testicle.
- Having had testicular cancer before.
- Being of a certain race/ethnicity.
- Body size.
What does seminoma look like?
Microscopic examination shows that seminomas are usually composed of either a sheet-like or lobular pattern of cells with a fibrous stromal network. The fibrous septa almost always contain focal lymphocyte inclusions, and granulomas are sometimes seen.
What is seminomas and Nonseminomas?
Seminomas are very sensitive to radiation therapy. Nonseminoma: This more common type of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. Nonseminoma tumors are often made up of more than one type of cell, and are identified according to these different cell types: Choriocarcinoma (rare) Embryonal carcinoma.