Is petcoke hazardous?
Most toxicity analyses of petcoke, as referenced by EPA, find it has a low health hazard potential in humans, with no observed carcinogenic, reproductive, or developmental effects. Petcoke was not found to produce any reproductive or developmental effects following repeated inhalation or exposure to the skin.
What is hydrocarbon coke?
Petroleum coke (petcoke) is a byproduct of the oil refining process. As refineries worldwide seek to operate more efficiently and extract more gasoline and other high value fuels from each barrel of crude oil, a solid carbon material known as petcoke is produced.
What is petcoke coal?
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes. (Other types of coke are derived from coal.)
Why petcoke is allowed in cement industry?
Over 70 per cent of the fuel requirement of cement manufacturers in India is met through petcoke. It is for such industries that petcoke, along with low-cost coal, and furnace oil, serves as primary fuel. These industries thus account for a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter emissions in India.
What is petcoke used for?
Paint and Colorings: Calcined petcoke is used in the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a mineral that is used as a substitute for lead in paint. TiO2 is also used as a pigment in sunscreen, plastic and food coloring.
How is petcoke produced?
How is Petcoke Produced? Petcoke is produced after crude oil undergoes two processes. The heavier portion of the oil in then processed through a “coker” which subjects the remaining oil to high heat and pressure to exact as much of the lighter gasoline-like parts of the oil as possible.
Where is petcoke used?
What is fluid petcoke?
Fluid coke is made in a continuous process in which heated feedstocks are sprayed into a fluidized bed of hot (500°C) coke particles. The feedstock is vaporized and deposited on the coke particles. The particles grow by layers until they are removed and new seed coke particles are added.
How is petcoke used?
Fertilizer: Calcined petcoke is gasified to produce ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate, which is then used in fertilizer production. Petcoke is safely stored and handled by refineries, intermediaries and end-users. It is transported by ocean freight, barges, rail and truck. Petcoke is stored in 32 states.
How is petcoke made?
Petcoke is a byproduct created when bitumen found in tar sands, like those in Alberta, Canada, is refined into crude oil. Bitumen contains a higher number of carbon atoms than regular oil and it’s these atoms, extracted from large hydrocarbon molecules using heat, that go on to form petcoke.
Is petcoke banned in India?
The Supreme Court has banned the use of petroleum coke or petcoke — solid-carbon, coal-like material which results from oil refining — and furnace oil in the National Capital Region (NCR) and suggested that similar steps be taken in other States.
What can petcoke be used for?
Petroleum coke, or petcoke, is a product produced from all types of oil (light/heavy crudes) during the oil refining process. Petroleum coke is also used as a fuel in power generation, cement kilns and other industries.
How dangerous is methanol poisoning?
Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Methanol poisoning is most often due to accidental or intentional ingestions, and accidental epidemic poisonings due to distilling and fermenting errors and beverage contamination.
What is methanol (CH3OH) toxicity?
Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. The term “toxic alcohols” is a collective term that includes methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated.
What are the treatment options for methanol toxicity?
The primary treatments are either ethanol or fomepizole, and unlike ethylene glycol toxicity, dialysis is often recommended. This activity reviews the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management/prevention of methanol toxicity, and reviews the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing the condition.
What are the products that contain methanol?
Products that contain methanol include windshield washer fluid, gas line antifreeze, carburetor cleaner, copy machine fluid, perfumes, food warming fuel, and other types of fuels. Exposures can cause varying degrees of toxicity and can require a range of treatments from close laboratory monitoring to antidotal therapy and dialysis.